In-neighborhood

In graph theory, the in-neighborhood ^[1] of a vertex $v$ in a directed graph $G$ is the set of neighbors of $v$ with a directed edge into $v$. Its counterpart is the out-neighborhood, the set of neighbors with a directed edge out of $v$.

Definition

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Definition 1 (In-neighbor)

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a directed graph. A vertex $u\in V$ is an in-neighbor of a vertex $v\in V$ if $(u,v)\in E$.

Definition 2 (In-neighborhood)

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a directed graph and $v\in V$ a vertex. The in-neighborhood of $v$ is the set of in-neighbors of $v$.

Notation

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The in-neighborhood of $v$ is denoted $N^{-}(v)$.

References

1. [1]

   “Directed graph”, Wikipedia, Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_graph, Accessed: 2026-07-31 ↩